John Fivaller r requires Ferdinand to pay the vectigal beef (Ramon Tusquets and Maignon 1885
VECTIGAL confrontation. (At the end of the post there is a small vocabulary.)
The vectigal confrontation was the claim made in 1416 by the then Minister of Barcelona Joan Fiveller second to Ferdinand And to pay the right vectigal on meat buyers acquired the monarch of the House in the city, which the king intended to be exempt.
Ferdinand, Prince Regent and Castella, was elected sovereign of the Crown of Aragon by the Compromise of Caspe in 1412. Accustomed to the English context, where the historical process towards an authoritarian monarchy progressed unstoppable and little accustomed to the pacts, which the Crown of Aragon had managed to stop it out of estates, the new monarch had some clashes with the institutions of their new states, controlled by the latter, especially with the Principality of Catalonia more developed than other regions. As soon as the reign began, the courts of Barcelona of 1413 marked the spot claiming the authority of the General Council to "enforce the laws to the king and his officers" just like everyone.
In this context of concern for the arbitrary ranks of royal power in February 1416, King Ferdinand I pretended to be free of the constraints on supplies that buyers acquire their court. In an emergency meeting, the Council decided to send the king a hundred committee, headed by director John Fiveller second, yourself, to demand payment. King ended up ceding to avoid further tensions and confrontations.
This battle between authoritarianism and monarchical ranks has been welcomed by the historiography mythified latter (Peter John Comes in the sixteenth century) and, in particular for the revival. Over and over there wanted to see a heroic episode in favor of freedom (municipal) and the latter, moreover, an act of domestic demand, interpretations least matisables they also transcend the literature and the arts. Within these interpretations, the death of Ferdinand, which occurred in April of that year, we have tried to link for free on the anger that provoked the confrontation him.
Header Post: "DEATH OF SISARÀ.
BATTLE
the Gulf of Naples. Roger captures the Prince of Salerno, Charles of Anjou.
Box (Ramon Tusquets).
The Battle of the Bay of Naples was one of the battles of the War in Sicily
After victory in battle of Malta Roger with the galleys own captured and led the Angevins attacking the Calabrian coast and Naples Posilipo. Finally, in the absence of Charles I of Anjou and the Prince of Salerno armed a flock and went to battle.
THE BATTLE.
On 5 June 1284 [2] Roger of the fleet was attacked near Naples by the Angevin under the command of Charles Salerno of the lame, and after a first contact Roger pretended to withdraw any to Castellamare but stopped at once to start the battle in the midst of the waters of the Gulf of Naples.
The Catalan fleet, armed soldiers used to combat and skilled in naval maneuvers that the French courtiers and knights were the galleys embestir enemy, except the top ten led by Henry de Mar, who escaped being captured by the Catalans finally dams and ships. Meanwhile they will fight fiercely to the galley of Capua, commanded by Charles of Salerno, until Roger berrenar then sink to the galley and the French surrendered.
CONSEQUENCES. In early 1285
died in Foggia Charles I of Anjou, and Charles II was proclaimed successor to the lame but it was still a prisoner of Catalans acted as regent for his nephew Robert Artois and Gerard of Parma. Charles II was released under treaties and Oloron Canfranc and was crowned in Rieti on 29 May 1289 received the title of Pope Palermo and Charles King of Sicily, and signed a truce for two years.
ITALIAN LADY. Watercolour on role. Ramon Tusquets.
BACKGROUND.
field during the thirteenth century and early decades of the fourteenth century, was crowded. The Old Catalonia, with a predominance of scattered hamlets, cultivated any land.
production remained abundant and stable. The nobles, the Church and bourgeois invested some money in the creation of farms and production units were split in order to get more tenants or tenants. But
fourteenth century began a crisis due to mortality (basically the black plague) and the migration towards the city, which caused a decrease in the population field. This led to decreases in cultivated land, and consequently the income of the lords. To counteract this decrease in revenue, increase pressure on farmers with the consequent discomfort.
The abandoned farms (farms rònecs) are becoming common and farmers around who still resist, occupy and exploit their own, strengthening their power and strength against the feudal lords.
fifteenth century. CHANGES START.
royal position in the turn of the century, both John I (1387-1396) as the Humane Martin (1396-1410) and wife, Maria de Luna, the royal policy was oriented towards peasant pleas for freedom and abolition of abuse.
But the death of Martin the Humane childless, s'entronitza as king of the Confederation of Catalonia-Aragon, Ferdinand through the commitment of Caspe. Encouraged
lords with dynastic change, take advantage of the Courts of Barcelona in 1413 by Ferdinand I of Antequera convened to address the economic demands of the monarch in exchange for getting compensation for wrongs suffered and the adoption of the constitution antiremença that to allow Mr Peace and Truce to chase the farmer to leave the house and who, after change of address, tried to keep their rights to land and threatened the lords and new farmers (in reference to that occupied by third parties and operated farms rònecs). The 1413 is given within one year to sell or transfer the land to vassals sir.
During the reign of Alfonso the Magnanimous (1416-1458), the Courts of Tortosa in 1430, the Lords stated that "the peasants had to continue living as they had always done and had no right to proclaim their freedom "and the Church believed that farmers had to continue paying the same rights as paid before the" unfair demand for freedom ".
Vasallo OF THE SITUATION.
The vassals had to live on land that grew no possibility to leave it without permission of the lord. They could not sell their properties, and if he died without testing or childless, a third of its assets ended up in the hands of the lord. The farmer's wife and daughters could be used in the home of Sir if so decided, who also had right thigh (prima nocte).
Remença UNION AND THE PREPARATION OF THE WAR.
The tensions that are manifested between lords and remences, the crown and the need to limit the power of the nobles, advises King Alfonso from Naples, to dictate 1 July 1448 a royal provision, which allowed farmers meetings, regarding the elimination of abuse and raise funds to pay the king his speech.
For this purpose, constituted a major union remença that during the biennium 1448-1449 had over 400 meetings controlled by a royal official.
Provincial General defended the interests of the lords, and in January 1449 in Naples sent embassies to talk to the king, opposed the decision to be made public and royal officials who ordered the arrest preach.
collaborates actively with the Council, the high nobility, high clergy and the Consell de Cent, the leaders of which the municipality itself and owners are farmers remença.
Despite the ban, were the meetings, but the offer made by farmers fell short in front of 400 thousand guilders offered to the Parliament in 1452. New counter
farmers and the refusal of Parliament to give effect to aid the monarch while not return to Catalonia led him to support the new remences and suspend provisionally the abuse and servitude until they reached an agreement.
On January 14, 1455, issued the ruling lnterlocutòria that after a new cancellation was confirmed in 1457 when King announced that he definitely resigned to return to Catalonia and received aid offered by the Courts.
economic needs alone do not explain the performance of Alfonso the Magnanimous, which would have been easier to understand that the gentlemen farmers. What was at stake was the political power of Catalonia that is discussed is the royal authority, which may not be effective for more money being given to the monarch until he recovers the royal heritage and ancestral power is not reduced.
On 27 June 1458 died suddenly on King Alfonso who is succeeded by his brother John II who had presided over the Constituent Assembly in 1454 in his capacity as lieutenant general of the Crown of Aragon, who had given his brother .
REVOLT THE CIVIL WAR AND Remences CATALAN: TWO REASONS TO COMMON ENEMY.
memorial to Amer. In this monastery, 8 November 1485, the trustees remences sign the promise to accept the arbitration of King Ferdinand II in their conflict with the feudal lords. The town remembers the 500th anniversary of the events. Amer, 8 November 1985 See specific items: remences War - Civil War Catalan
John II had a confrontation with his son, Charles of Viana by the crown of Navarre. Charles enjoyed the protection of his uncle Alfonso in Naples. The death, provides for the imprisonment of Charles John II Viana. The Catalan Corts Lleida assume his defense when it is imprisoned in 1460, confronting the king.
death in 1461 of Prince Charles, was the spark that causes the onset of civil war between the Catalan Council of General John II. Meanwhile, make the next King remences and start a revolt against the nobility, and therefore against the Council supported. The revolt was led by Francis Verntallat from Hostoles and acted mostly in the mountains. However, when, ten years later on 28 October 1472, John II comes to Barcelona, \u200b\u200bwon the war and the capitulation was signed Pedralbes, did not abolish any easements or bad uses.
result of a feeling Abandonment of claims remences crown, in 1485 a second revolt broke out led by remença remença radical Pere Joan Sala. Crushed the revolt, Ferdinand II, son of John II, ruled the arbitration ruling of Guadalupe (1486). This statement misuses redeem payment for more than 60 salaries and abolishing the right to abuse and many other abuses under manor. The peasants were more useful to keep the domain, but had to pay tribute to Mr. and buildings expenditure and feudal rights.
remença The farmers were at the limit of endurance of unjust servitude.
VOCABULARY:
això - this
altres aleshores-then-other-Angevin Angevins
Aquest pols - this pulse
avesat-cap used to - making CeDInt-yielding
Coix-lame conreava-grown
consequüentment-accordingly.
Davallada-descent. Desenvolupades-developed
dret de Cuixà-droit de seigneur
(prima nocte.)
in mig - amid anger
enuig-eixir-hi - leave them
encapçalada-headed
enfonçar-la - sink
enuig-anger
it will close up tight in sec-suddenly stopped
esclafada-achafada, drowned
Esclat-burst-event
esdevinguda
Estol-square, set of vessels.
exempt-exempt.
Feu - made
fins fer-how-to-drive foragitar
Gaudio-
enjoyed guspira greuges-wrongs-spark
has Restat
Hague, has been dedicating-it-had to devote
llavors-time
free-free-Lieutenant Lieutenant
their same-same-
his nephew
-Sobrino
Peace and Truce, Peace and pretended to remove
pretendió
-coming-any-any
nearby grocery-nurseries
support SUPPORT
s 'wanted to have Dear
suddenly without-sin-
suddenly under - under
well as soon-to-all
everyone except-except, except.
was - was
RAMON Tusquets and Maignon. a portrait of Ramón Martí i Alsina.
biographical sketch of Ramón Tusquets:
He had to devote themselves to trade until the death of his father. Format time in Madrid as a painter, went to Rome (1865) in the company of JLPellicer.
funeral Fortuny, Ramon Tusquets and Maignon - © Fototeca.catAllà settled and made friends with Mariano Fortuny, the funeral which is painted in oil that his masterpiece (1874, Museum of Modern Art Barcelona), of great courage and ability synthesis. He painted landscapes, luminous, well built and close to the first impressionist, but his name has remained linked to works of realism retailers and anecdotal history of topical paintings, such as Catalan-themed series of James I, Roger, Fiveller , Prince of Viana and Peter the Great, who painted in 1885-86 by M. Boada Barcelona. Exhibited at the Sala Parés Barcelona, \u200b\u200bMadrid, Naples, Turin, Paris and Vienna.
NOTE. The painter Ramón Tusquets made these works on the History of Catalonia, which, I think you make interesting reference.
SOURCES:
Pictures and text taken from Wikipedia.
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